Filling the many gaps in Formula 1 records, this book re-writes the racing history books. The history of F1 can be neatly divided into two eras, the first formally ending January 1980 when the terms 'Grand Prix' and 'World Championship' became synonymous, although there would be three more non-championship races after that date. However, up to January 1973 OVER HALF of F1 races were NOT included in the Championship results for the spurious reason that each country should have just a single F1 race. The classification of many F1 races as 'non-Championship' did a disservice to the achievements of drivers of the Fangio, Moss, Clark and Stewart era and, even more-so, to the four pre-Championship years which began in 1946. When, today, a commentator says "Rosberg's 16th win equals the F1 wins of Stirling Moss" this is manifestly untrue. If the same drivers, in the same F1 cars, compete at the same tracks, and over a similar distance, then each race deserves to have its place in the records as a 'Championship quality' event. This book includes such races alongside contemporary Championship races and, combined with known figures since 1980, produces what can surely be accepted as 'The Real Score' of Formula 1.

In the centuries since his death, Francis Bacon has been perceived as a promoter and prophet of 'natural science'. Certainly Bacon expected to fill the vacuum which he saw existing in the study of nature; but he also saw himself as a clarifier and promoter of what he called 'policy', that is, the study and improvement of the structure and function of civil states including the then new British state. In this major study, Brian Wormald's first since his work on Clarendon, Bacon is shown resolving this conflict by attending assiduously to both fields, arguing that work on one would help progress in the other. In his teaching, in his practice and in terms of what was actually achieved, the junction between the two enterprises was affected by Bacon's work in history - civil and natural. In this fundamental reappraisal of one of the most complex and innovative figures of the age, Brian Wormald reveals how Bacon's conception and practice of history provided an answer to his strivings in both policy and natural philosophy.

The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program looks at the Russian space programme in 2007, 50 years after Sputnik. Brian Harvey covers all the key elements of the current Russian space programme, from manned to unmanned missions; the various types of unmanned applications programmes; the military programme; the infrastructure of production, launch centres and tracking; the commercialization of the programme and its relationship with western companies; and the programme in a comparative global context. Strong emphasis is placed on Russiaa (TM)s future space intentions and on new programmes and missions in prospect, such as Soyuz in Kourou, Kliper, Phobos Grunt and the Angara launcher. End matter contains a list of all missions since January 1991 to December 2006.

Russia's accomplishments in planetary space exploration were not achieved easily. Formerly, the USSR experienced frustration in trying to tame unreliable Molniya and Proton upper stages and in tracking spacecraft over long distances. This book will assess the scientific haul of data from the Venus and Mars missions and look at the engineering approaches. The USSR developed several generations of planetary probes: from MV and Zond to the Phobos type. The engineering techniques used and the science packages are examined, as well as the nature of the difficulties encountered which ruined several missions. The programme's scientific and engineering legacy is also addressed, as well as its role within the Soviet space programme as a whole. Brian Harvey concludes by looking forward to future Russian planetary exploration (e.g Phobos Grunt sample return mission). Several plans have been considered and may, with a restoration of funding, come to fruition. Soviet studies of deep space and Mars missions (e.g. TMK, Aelita) have much to offer contemporary planners in Europe and the United States. value in constructing human exploration of Mars. Illustrated with the photographs taken by Soviet Venus and Mars probes, pictures of the spacecraft, diagrams of the flight paths and landing techniques and maps of the landing sites, the book will build on the published scientific papers from the programme, archived material and memoirs and other material coming to light in recent years.

When the Soviets experienced a series of setbacks in their space program the USSR switched emphasis in their manned space program away from the Moon towards the creation of orbital scientific research platforms, the Space Station. With the success of Apollo, the Soviets claimed they had never actually intended to fly to the Moon, and that the space station was always their long-term goal. However, recently disclosed Russian archives show that, contrary to official statements in the late 1960s and early 1970s, there was a planned Soviet program to send cosmonauts around the Moon and eventually to land on the surface. For the Americans, having lost their only competitor in the race for the Moon, the need for the Apollo program was questioned even before the first landing was achieved. With the near tragic flight of Apollo 13 in 1970 the pressure was on to cut the program and redirect efforts towards more Earth-focused objectives. At the height of success, the Apollo missions were reduced from 20 to 17, and plans for extending the flights to include lunar stays of 14 days to create a lunar base were scrapped. the Moon by either America or Russia. The final Soviet Luna probe flew in 1976 and the following year the network of scientific experiments left on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts were switched off. Whilst many plans were put forward to return to the Moon, only two probes, Clementine and Lunar Prospector have supplemented information from the Apollo era.

In October 2003 Yang Liwei made history as the first Chinese citizen in space, orbiting the globe 14 times in the Shenzhou 5. The Chinese space program has sometimes been called the last of the secret space programs. Although it is far less secretive now than formerly, fascinating revelations are still being made. Brian Harvey examines the history of the Chinese space program, from it's earliest times to the historic breakthrough of manned flight.

In the centuries since his death, Francis Bacon has been perceived as a promoter and prophet of 'natural science'. Certainly Bacon expected to fill the vacuum which he saw existing in the study of nature; but he also saw himself as a clarifier and promoter of what he called 'policy', that is, the study and improvement of the structure and function of civil states including the then new British state. In this major study, Brian Wormald's first since his work on Clarendon, Bacon is shown resolving this conflict by attending assiduously to both fields, arguing that work on one would help progress in the other. In his teaching, in his practice and in terms of what was actually achieved, the junction between the two enterprises was affected by Bacon's work in history - civil and natural. In this fundamental reappraisal of one of the most complex and innovative figures of the age, Brian Wormald reveals how Bacon's conception and practice of history provided an answer to his strivings in both policy and natural philosophy.

This comprehensive history of the Russian Soviet space programme, from its origins to the present, addresses the technical, political, historical, human and organisational issues and provides a balanced focus on manned and unmanned programmes. It is the first book to access the Russian space programme over the ten-year period since the fall of communism and provide an historical and contemporary treatment.

The development of the space industry in the Asian and Pacific Rim region provides the context for this book. The two major countries hoping for leadership in the area (apart from China) are Japan and India, both of whom have significant launcher capabilities.There is a general introductory chapter which places the space programmes of the region in the comparative context of the other space-faring nations of the world. The author reviews the main space programmes of Japan and India in turn, concentrating on their origins, the development of launcher and space facilities, scientific and engineering programmes, and future prospects.The book concludes with a chapter comparing how similarly/differently Japan and India are developing their space programmes, how they are likely to proceed in the future, and what impact the programmes have had in their own region and what they have contributed so far to global space research.

This celebrated study, first published in 1951, offers a reinterpretation of the writings and attitudes of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon (1609-74), best known for his History of the Rebellion and the Civil War and his autobiography, which presents an excellent record of the English Civil War. Mr. Wormald reconstructs the attitudes of this controversial figure toward the earth-shaking events of the war and what made him change his ideas. His answers reverse the traditional view of Hyde's thought.

Henk van Luijk A continuing debate Business life and ethics have always had an uneasy relationship. Together they feel uncomfortable, separated from each other they feel truncated. But, in more ways than one they need each other. For, to paraphrase a famous expression of the philosopher Kant: business without an ethical orientation is blind, and ethics without business experience is void. There are two different reasons for this uneasy relationship, a moral and an economic one. Business activities are essentially motivated by the striving for profit, whereas ethical considerations are marked by an equal attention given to the interests of all relevant others. This is the moral reason. The economic reason is implied in the conviction that the market constitutes a morally neutral zone, or, to put it positively, that market participants take care not only of themselves but also of the general welfare by behaving in accordance with market rules and regulations. Both reaso s playa role in discussions on the rela tion between business and ethics. For several decades, and more specifically since the beginning of the eighties, we have witnessed a continuing debate concerning the social responsibility of business, the content and extension of that responsibility and its moral and ideological basis. Positions are defended by business representatives and academics alike, under similar such headings as ' social responsibility of business' or 'corporate responsibility', 'business ethics', 'corporate ethics' or 'market morality'. Two, perhaps three, clusters of questions present themselves as particularly urgent."

This book provides an annual update on recent space launches, missions and results. The annual, written for both young and older space enthusiasts, provides a regular, balanced review of all the world's major space programmes. It covers space exploration from a variety of angles: looking back at past missions, reviewing those currently under way and looking to those planned for the future. The ten invited contributions each year will cover a variety of topics within these areas. The book is for space enthusiasts from teens upwards through to professionals working in the worldwide space industry and journalists covering space issues.

Henk van Luijk A continuing debate Business life and ethics have always had an uneasy relationship. Together they feel uncomfortable, separated from each other they feel truncated. But, in more ways than one they need each other. For, to paraphrase a famous expression of the philosopher Kant: business without an ethical orientation is blind, and ethics without business experience is void. There are two different reasons for this uneasy relationship, a moral and an economic one. Business activities are essentially motivated by the striving for profit, whereas ethical considerations are marked by an equal attention given to the interests of all relevant others. This is the moral reason. The economic reason is implied in the conviction that the market constitutes a morally neutral zone, or, to put it positively, that market participants take care not only of themselves but also of the general welfare by behaving in accordance with market rules and regulations. Both reaso s playa role in discussions on the rela tion between business and ethics. For several decades, and more specifically since the beginning of the eighties, we have witnessed a continuing debate concerning the social responsibility of business, the content and extension of that responsibility and its moral and ideological basis. Positions are defended by business representatives and academics alike, under similar such headings as ' social responsibility of business' or 'corporate responsibility', 'business ethics', 'corporate ethics' or 'market morality'. Two, perhaps three, clusters of questions present themselves as particularly urgent."

Brian Harvey recounts for the first time the definitive history of scientific Russian space probes and the knowledge they acquired of the Earth, its environment, the Moon, Mars and Venus. He examines what Russian Space Science has actually achieved in furthering our knowledge of the Solar System, focusing on the instrumentation and scientific objectives and outcomes, the information gained and lessons learnt. Boxes and charts are used extensively in order to convey in an easily understandable manner for the non-scientific reader the problems and issues addressed and solved by Soviet space science. The book opens with the story of early space science in Russia, which started when the first Russian rockets were fired into the high atmosphere from Kapustin Yar in the late 1940s. Instruments were carried to measure and map the atmosphere and later rockets carried dogs to test their reactions to weightlessness. In order to beat America into Earth orbit, two simpler satellites than originally planned were launched, Sputnik and Sputnik 2, which provided some initial information on atmospheric density, while the following Sputnik 3 carried twelve instruments to measure radiation belts, solar radiation, the density of the atmosphere and the Earth s magnetic field. The author recounts how, by the 1960s, the Soviet Union had developed a program of investigation of near-Earth space using satellites within the Cosmos program, in particular the DS (Dnepropetrovsky Sputnik), small satellites developed to investigate meteoroids, radiation, the magnetic fields, the upper atmosphere, solar activity, ionosphere, charged particles, cosmic rays and geophysics. Brian Harvey then gives the scientific results from Russian lunar exploration, starting with the discovery of the solar wind by the First Cosmic Ship and the initial mapping of the lunar far side by the Automatic Interplanetary Station. He describes Luna 10, which made the first full study of the lunar environment, Luna 16 which brought soil back to Earth and the two Moon rovers which travelled 50 kms across the lunar surface taking thousands of measurements, soil analyses and photographs, as well as profiles of discrete areas. Chapters 4 and 5 describe in detail the scientific outcomes of the missions to Venus and Mars, before considering the orbiting space stations in Chapter 6. Space science formed an important part of the early manned space program, the prime focus being the human reaction to weightlessness, how long people could stay in orbit and the effects on the body, as well as radiation exposure. Chapter 7 looks at the later stage of Soviet and Russian space science, including Astron and Granat, the two observatories of the 1980s, and Bion, the space biology program which flew monkeys and other animals into orbit. The final chapter looks forward to a new period of Russian space science with the Spektr series of observatories and a range smaller science satellites under the Federal Space Plan 2006-2015.

This work introduces the important emerging space powers of the world.

Brian Harvey describes the origins of the Japanese space program, from rocket designs based on WW II German U-boats to tiny solid fuel 'pencil' rockets, which led to the launch of the first Japanese satellite in 1970. The next two chapters relate how Japan expanded its space program, developing small satellites into astronomical observatories and sending missions to the Moon, Mars, comet Halley, and asteroids.

Chapter 4 describes how India's Vikram Sarabhai developed a sounding rocket program in the 1960s. The following chapter describes the expansion of the Indian space program. Chapter 6 relates how the Indian space program is looking ahead to the success of the moon probe Chandrayan, due to launch in 2008, and its first manned launching in 2014. Chapters 7, 8, and 9 demonstrate how, in Iran, communications and remote sensing drive space technology.

Chapter 10 outlines Brazil's road to space, begun in the mid-1960's with the launch of the Sonda sounding rockets. The following two chapters describe Brazil's satellites and space launch systems and plans for the future. Chapters 13 and 14 study Israel's space industry. The next chapters look at the burgeoning space programs of North and South Korea.

The book ends by contrasting and comparing all the space programs and speculating how they may evolve in the future. An appendix lists all launches and launch attempts to date of the emerging space powers.

In Europe's Space Programme - to Ariane and Beyond, author Brian Harvey begins with the fledgling European rocket effort of the 1930s and the key pioneers of the period, examining the significance of the V-2 and the technological advances represented by its development. He shows how the Russians and Americans put their captured V-2s to work, but the European countries were slower to respond. Both Britain and France developed national space programmes in the 1950s and 1960s and the early attempts at European co-operation for launcher development - ELDO and ESRO - are described. The formation of the European Space Agency and the origins of the successful Ariane launcher programme are discussed and Europe's subsequent success in the world launcher market, its cutting-edge role in space applications and European manned spaceflight, are all described in detail.

The machines that orbit our planet live in a void environment - however, space travel itself does not exist in a vacuum. Travelling to space is an immense effort of humans and machines, taking not just 'a small step for a man' but leaving a huge carbon footprint in the process. We are in the midst of a paradigm shift in which private companies and leadership figures in the form of billionaires are re-popularising space travel to an extent not seen since the space race between the USSR and USA. Space exists isolated from the place that births its mechanical and a few select human inhabitants. Thus, we tend to forget that every single thing that exits our atmosphere takes with it more than just its own weight of materials when it departs our fragile blue marble. This title is the first of its kind: An atlas of all major sites where space rockets have been launched since the World's first Sputnik in 1958. On 272 pages, the author Brian Harvey and his co-author Gurbir Singh showcase the steps of space travel as they have never been presented before. Detailed maps allow deep insights to places which are restricted to the public. This book offers a unique look at the physical footprints of Earth's launch sites. With most places hidden away in jungles, deserts, or amid the Central Asian steppes, these places exist for the most part out of the eye of the general public. With satellites facilitating our modern society and a modern space age ever-present in today's news cycle, it is now more important than ever to think about the imprint these undertakings leave on Earth. To begin to answer the new socio-economic questions raised by our rapid expansion into the void, we need to look no further than the cracks in the concrete of our planetary launch sites. The rusty train tracks leading to the pads break the pristine and sterile look of space and reopen our eyes to the realities of space exploration.

When biologist Brian Harvey saw a thousand fish blundering into a Brazilian dam, he asked the obvious: What's going to happen to them? The End of the River is the story of his long search for an answer. The End of the River is about people and rivers and the misuse of science. Harvey takes readers from a fisheries patrol boat on the Fraser River to the great Tsukiji fish market in Japan, with stops in the Philippines, Thailand, and assorted South American countries. Finally, in the arid outback of northeast Brazil, against a backdrop of a multi-billion dollar river project nobody seems to want, he finds a small-scale answer to his simple question. The End of the River is a journey with many companions. Some are literary, some are imaginary. But mostly they're real characters, human and otherwise: a six-foot endangered catfish, a Canadian professor with a weakness for Thai bar girls, a chain-smoking Brazilian Brunnhilde with a passion for her river, a drug-addled stick-up artist. The End of the River is about fishermen and fish farmers and even fish cops; there are scientists and shysters as well as a few Colombian narcotraficos and some very drunk, very hairy Brazilian men in thongs. Funny and sad, The End of the River is a new kind of writing about the environment, as far off the beaten track as you can get in a Land Rover driven by a female Colombian biologist whose favourite expression is "Oops - no road " "A wonderful and engaging read with a samba beat, on the plight of the planet's living waters. The End of the River is the book Nemo would write if he could. A great way to open peoples' eyes." - Thomas E. Lovejoy, President, Heinz Center for Science, Economics and the Environment

In 1889, a starving, struggling writer published an article in London's MacMillan's Magazine that criticized the British about their dogs. Although the author was unnamed when the publication appeared, such a furor was created that it gave the writer fame and notoriety that he would successfully exploit the rest of his life and help him to become successful. Within a couple of years, the name W. H. Hudson became familiar to London's literary and scientific circles with his original essays on the natural history of La Plata in the Argentine and Patagonia to the south, especially his descriptions of bird and other animal life. Hudson loved all life, including the human species, and certainly was not the dog-hater that he was portrayed to be. This purpose of this study of Hudson's writings is to provide an honest appraisal of his true feelings towards dogs. A native of Argentina, the son of American emigrants, home schooled and self-educated as a naturalist, Hudson, at age 31 immigrated to England in 1874 to make his way as a naturalist and writer and almost perished before realizing success. His literary career spanned a period of almost 40 years ending with his death at age 81 in 1922. The two decades preceding and following 1900 were exciting and emotional times in both literary and scientific London. In England, the Anti-Vivisectionist movement was reaching a feverish pitch, culminating in the Brown Dog Riots after the turn of the century. At the same time in America, the famous naturalist John Burroughs initiated the great nature-faker caper in which President Roosevelt felt he had to intervene in order to quell, and came to regret. As he gained fame, Hudson became friends with many of the well-known writers of the period that included Joseph Conrad, John Galsworthy, Ezra Pound, Ford Maddox Ford, Leigh Hunt, to name a few. Today, however, Hudson is largely forgotten, remembered mostly for his novel "Green Mansions" which is not exemplary of his best work. His most lasting work is his study of the shepherds of the downs of southern England, "A Shepherd's Life," which contains some of his best writings about dogs, the sheepdogs of the downs. This books includes a special bonus in the Appendix, transcripts of original, unpublished letters of Hudson and John Burroughs from the estate of the Australian ornithologist Charles Barrett.